Solution dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution by adding more solvent. The fundamental principle is the conservation of mass: the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution. This is expressed by the equation C₁V₁ = C₂V₂, where C₁ is the initial concentration, V₁ is the initial volume, C₂ is the final concentration, and V₂ is the final volume. This relationship holds because the moles of solute (or mass) are the same in both solutions. To prepare a diluted solution, you calculate the volume of concentrated solution needed, then add solvent to reach the final volume. Dilution calculations are essential in chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmacy, and everyday laboratory work. This calculator allows you to solve for any variable (C₁, V₁, C₂, V₂) when the other three are known.